Jewelry is a form of personal adornment that encompasses a wide range of materials such as metals like gold, silver, and platinum, as well as gemstones like diamonds, rubies, and emeralds. Jewelry design principles such as balance, emphasis, contrast, and unity are utilized in manufacturing techniques like casting, soldering, and engraving to create unique pieces. The history of jewelry design dates back to ancient civilizations like the Egyptians and Greeks, with modern trends influenced by fashion and technology integration for sustainable and ethical practices.